YAYGIN SÖZCÜK KULLANIM YANLIŞLARI — 03
ALFABETİK LİSTE
O — Z
official – — officious
official /ı-Fİ-şıl/ = 1. resmi; 2. devlet görevlisi, yetkili
officious /ı-Fİ-şıs/ = bürokrat tavırlı veya havalı, işgüzar
I went there once on official business, but the officials there had such officious airs and manners about them that I am sure I would never want to repeat the experience.
ordinance – — ordnance
/O:-dınıns/ – — /O:D-nıns/
ordinance = emir, âmir hüküm veya emir
ordnance = savaş araç gereçleri, ordu donatım sınıfı
The High Military Council has passed an ordinance prohibiting smoking in ordnance depots.
Fazla ayrıntıya girdiğimi düşünüyorsanız, şu örneğe bakınız. Askerliğimi yaptığım alayda benden önce çevirmen olarak görev yapan arkadaş, “field artillery” karşılığında şu mükemmel çeviriyi yapmıştı: “tarla topçusu”!! Biliyorsunuz, kullanılması gereken deyim, “sahra topçusu” dur. Diyeceğim, bir okuyucuya gereksiz ayrıntı gibi görünen bir konu, bir başka alanda çalışan okuyucuların çok işine yarıyor olabilir.
palate – — palette
damak – — palet
sesdeşlik: /PÆ-lıt/
He suddenly felt a bitter taste on his palate as he was mixing some colours on his palette.
patience – — patient
patience = (ad) sabır
patient = 1. (sıfat) sabırlı… 2. (ad) hasta
impatient = 1. (sıfat) sabırsız durumda. [impatience = (ad) sabırsızlık]
You must really have patience and must not show any impatience in dealing with the patients: some of them may be getting desperately impatient to get discharged and get back to their work.
peace – — piece
/Pİ:S/
What an interesting piece of information this is concerning that brief period of peace between the two world wars !!
peak – — peek
/Pİ:K/
peak = (ad) doruk, zirve
to peek = (fiil) 1. belli etmeden ve gizlice bakmak veya gözetlemek; “dikizlemek”… 2. kısaca bakmak, göz atmak… 3. (Ayrıca ad olarak da kullanılabilir: “to take/have a peek at sth”)
They climbed to the peak to take a good peek at the valley beyond.
At the peak of discussion, she briefly went out to take a peek at the cookies baking in the oven.
peasant – — pheasant
köylü – — sülün (kuş)
/PEZ-ınt/ – — /FEZ-ınt/
A group of local peasants were sitting in one corner when we entered the inn. It had quite a reputation for their excellent recipes for pheasant meat. We ordered three pheasants stuffed with rice.
peddle – — pedal
sesdeşlik: /PE-dl/ (veya, /PED-l/)
peddle = seyyar satıcılık yapmak, işportacılık yapmak
pedal = 1. pedal; 2. pedal basmak
He peddled his wares around the town as he pedalled his tricycle to and fro. [to and fro = oraya buraya]
KARIŞTIRILAN SÖZCÜKLER
Doç. Dr. Yalçın İzbul
percent – — percentage
%, “yüzde” – — oran, bölüm
Twenty-five percent of the students have failed in this exam, thus bringing the general percentage of those who will repeat the course to a higher level.
A sizeable percentage of our local people, about 25 percent, regularly attend these events to support their team.
personnel – — personal – — personality
personel /PÖ-sı-NÆ:L/ = personel, çalışanlar
personal /PÖ-sınıl/ = şahsi, kişisel
personality /PÖ-sı-NÆ-lıti/ = kişilik, karakter
I have no personal information concerning the personality of our new personnel director.
pore – — pour
sesdeşlik: /PO:/
He began poring over their monthly bills as his wife poured him another cup of strong tea.
practical – — practicable
pratik, kolaylık sağlayan – — uygulanabilirliği olan
Building an annex would be a practical solution; but building a sizeable one in the tiny little space available was hardly practicable.
pray – — prey
/PREİ/
to pray = (fiil) dua etmek; yakarmak
to prey (on) = 1. (fiil) beslenmek amacıyla avlamak… 2. (ad) av [avlanan, avın kurbanı — the hunter and his prey]
Praying mantises [peygamber böceği; tekil: —- mantis] well deserve their name, because they seem to pray over their prey before devouring it.
precede – — proceed
to precede = önce olmak, önce veya önden gelmek
to proceed = devam etmek, ilerlemek
Before proceeding to study this chapter, you really ought to have studied the preceding one.
She preceded me into the building by 10 minutes, and when we were together again I proceeded with my earlier narrative. [narrative = hikâye, anlatı]
We should now proceed to the part that precedes the final evaluation.
precedent – — precedence
precedent /PRE-sıdınt/ = (ad, sıfat) ön emsal, daha görülmüş örnek
precedence /PRE-sıdıns/ = (ad) önce/önde olma hakkı; önem sırasında önde olma
We have to note that unfortunately there is absolutely no precedent in the annals of human history for international cooperation taking precedence over national interests.
premier – — premiere
/pri-Mİ-ı/ – — /primi-EE/
premier = (sistemine göre) başkan veya başbakan
premiere = gala gecesi
Some urgent business cropped up and the Premier had to miss the film’s premiere.
The premiere was also attended by the Premier himself.
prescribe, prescription – — proscribe, proscription
to prescribe = kuvvetle tavsiye etmek, kural olarak ortaya koymak, reçete olarak vermek [prescription = 1. kuvvetli tavsiye; 2. reçete]
to proscribe = yasaklamak, onaylamamak ve yasak kılmak
Foreign prescriptions may not be honoured if the drugs prescribed are on the country’s proscribed drugs list.
principal – — principle
eşseslilik: /PRİN-sipıl/
principal = 1. (sıfat) bellibaşlı, önde gelen… 2. (ad) başöğretmen
principle = (ad) ilke, prensip
The principal problem with being a school principal in our present-day world is that it is getting more and more difficult to defend the principles handed down by the older generations.
KARIŞTIRILAN SÖZCÜKLER
Doç. Dr. Yalçın İzbul
price – — prize
/PRAYS/ – — /PRAYZ/
fiat, bedel – — ödül
The book’s price is very reasonable, considering the fact that it is the winner of the prestigious Critics’ Prize this year.
Just consider what a heavy price in time, effort and emotional stress competitors must pay in reaching out for the ultimate prize.
prophesy – — prophecy
/PR@-fı-SAİ/ – — /PR@-fı-Sİ:/
kehanette bulunmak – — kehanet
“Prophet” = “peygamber” sözcüğünün bu kökten türemiş olduğuna dikkat ediniz. Ayrıca, bu fiilin az da olsa rastlayabileceğiniz bir varyasyonu vardır: “to prophesize”. Sözlüklere girmiş olmasına rağmen, uzak durmanızı tavsiye ederim. Yani, “He prophesied” formunu “He prophesized” formuna tercih ediniz.
prostrate – — prostate
/PR@-steyt/ – — /PR@S-teyt/
prostrate = 1. yüzükoyun yere serilmiş; bitkin, bütün gücünü / azmini yitirmiş durumda… 2. veya kutsama/tapınma amacıyla aynı konumda
prostate = prostat bezi
We left him lying prostrate on his hospital bed, quite worn out and unable to talk following his operation for prostate cancer.
quiet – — quite – — to quit
telaffuza dikkat ediniz
quiet /KUA-it/= sessiz
quite /KUAYT/ = pek, gayet
to quit (quit – quit) (veya, quitted – quitted) /KUİT/ /KUİT-id/ = bırakmak, vazgeçmek, terketmek
I can tell you that he would most probably become a quiet, morose and quite unhappy man, should he ever have to quit alcohol and cigarettes.
racist – — racial
ırkçı – — ırksal
Racist attitudes is one of the focal points of racial studies.
racquet – — racket – — racket
okunuşları aynıdır: /RÆ-kıt/
Tenis raketi mi; kar ayaklığı mı; gürültü patırtı mı; yoksa mafyanın çevirdiği bir haksız para kazanma/sızdırma dolabı mı ??
The player threw his tennis racquet up in the air and the spectators burst into a terrific racket over his win.
The Turkish mafia was running several rackets in Bodrum at the time.
NOT: Tenis “racquet“, “racket” şeklinde de yazılabilir.
regretful – — regrettable
regretful = üzgün, pişman
regrettable = 1. üzücü, pişmanlık verici; 2. teessüf verici, tessüf edilmesi gereken
She was very regretful now for having ever written that regrettable letter; it had caused her so much trouble since then.
Though, in my opinion, it was all a very regrettable incident, she did not appear to be particularly regretful about it.
Thank you so much for your kind invitation to the meeting. Regrettably, I shall be unable to attend. [“Regretfully” demiyoruz; çünkü bizim dışımızda ve elimizde olmayan nedenlerden dolayı toplantıya katılamayacağız.]
reign – — rein
sesdeşlik: /REİN/
reign = 1. (fiil) hükümdarlık etmek, saltanatta olmakl; 2. (ad) saltanat, saltanat dönemi, yönetim
rein, reins = dizgin, yular, (ayrıca, mecazi olarak da)
During the reign of Abdülhamid II, who held the reins of governmental power in his own hands and reigned over the country with an iron fist, a tight rein was also kept on the state expenditure.
remember – — remind
remember: recall, recollect
remember = haturlamak, anımsamak
remind = hatırlatmak, anımsatmak
Do you remember our old house in Ankara?
Do you remember your being brought here after the accident?
Do you ever remember summers being as hot as they are now?
I remember being taken away from my family. I remember thinking I had done something wrong.
I clearly remember having turned off the lights before I came out. (= I do remember that I had turned off the lights before I came out.)
Please remember (= do not forget) to preview the final version before saving your changes. (= Yapmayı unutma = Do not forget + infinitive.)
Remind me to do it this afternoon. = Lütfen bana hatırlat.
Don’t forget to remind me to do it this afternoon. = Bana hatırlatmayı unutma.
respectfully – — respectively
saygıyla – — sırasıyla
He respectfully saluted the regimental colours, his commanding officers and his comrades-at-arms, respectively. [Sırasıyla, önce alay bayrağını, sonra komutanlarını, sonra da silah arkadaşlarını saygıyla selamladı.]
Approaching the group of village elders respectfully, he shook hands with the headman, his wife, head of the warriors and the witch-doctor, respectively.
sensible — akla yatkın, makul
sensitive — duyarlı
senseless — anlamsız, saçma ve olumsuz
Açıklama: “sense” sözcüğünün üç ayrı anlamı vardır: 1. sağduyu, akıl mantık, muhakeme… 2. duyu… 3. anlam (= meaning)…
I know she is a very sensitive girl, but I wish she could be more sensible, too.
Any sensible and sensitive man would cry out against such a senseless act of violence.
shade – — shadow
gölge, gölgelik yer – — (bir şeyin) gölge (si)
Poor little kid got really confused when I told him his shadow would “run away” if we went in the shade.
simple – — simplistic
“simplistic” olmak, olumsuz bir niteliktir: naif, aşırı basit veya basite indirgeyici
We would expect a good teacher to make his explanations simple — but not to the point of being simplistic.
This is a simplistic explanation — and save it for simpletons, will you! In practice, things are a lot more complicated than you make them out to be.
KARIŞTIRILAN SÖZCÜKLER
Doç. Dr. Yalçın İzbul
site – — sight – — cite
sesdeştirler: /SAYT/
site = yer, alan, mahal
sight = görme, manzara
to cite = (fiil) adını anmak, gönderimde bulunmak, alıntı yapmak
When they got to the site where the old house used to stand, the sight of its ruins brought tears to their eyes, especially as their elder brother began to cite passages from their parents’ letters.
stalactite – — stalagmite
sarkıt – — dikit
How do you tell which is which? I will show you a way that will help you not to confuse these two. Remember the expression “ants in the pants” used of nervous and fidgety people? Do they not really look as though they would not hesitate to pull their tights down if they had “real ants in the pants”? Now, substitute “mites” for “ants”, and there you have it: “The mites go up and the tights come down.”
PS. You do know what mites are, don’t you?
stationery – — stationary
sesdeştirler: /STEİ-şınıri/
stationery = (ad) kırtasiye
stationary = (sıfat) duruyor/hareketsiz halde
Do you see that stationary bus further up the road? Take the left turn when you pass it and the stationery shop you’re looking for is the third one on your right.
statute – — stature – — statue
/STÆ-çu:t/ — /STÆ-çı:/ — /STÆ-çu/
yasa, tüzük — boy, endam — heykel
There is actually a statute forbidding people of small stature to climb onto the statue in front of the town hall !!
throw – — through – — throughout – — thorough
/TSROU/ — /TSRU:/ — /TSRU-AUT/— /TSA-ra/
thorough, thoroughly = tam, baştanbaşa, eksiksiz ve titizlikle
Throughout the last decade, not a single thorough psychological study was made to understand the psychology of boys who throw stones through their neighbours’ windows.
NOT: “Through” yerine “thru” kullanımı henüz formel İngilizce kabul edilmemek gerekir. Fakat “chat” dilinde doya doya kullanabilirsiniz.
torturous – — tortuous
/TO:Ç-rıs/ veya /TO:-çırıs/ – — /TO:Ç-uıs/ veya /TO:-çıuıs/
torturous = çileli, işkence dolu
tortuous = eğribüğrü, dolambaçlı
We had a torturous journey along the steep and tortuous paths alonside the Kızılırmak River.
trooper – — trouper
sesdeştirler: /TÇRU:-pı/
trooper = atlı asker veya polis
trouper = tiyatro oyuncusu (özellikle, aktör)
The two brothers, a stern trooper and a soft-spoken trouper, had very little in common to talk about.
Diyeceksiniz ki, bu derece ayrıntıya ne gerek? Bu ikilinin burada ne işi var? Ama unutmayınız ki bendeniz, bu satırların yazarı, Türkçe’de “tiyatro trubu” deyişinin yaygın kullanıldığı günlerden kalmayım. Eski sevgilileri unutmak o kadar kolay değil…
turgid – — turbid
/TÖ:-gid/ – — /Tö:-bid/
turgid = abartmalı, tumturaklı, şişkin
turbid = bulanık, alaca bulaca, kolay görülüp seçilemeyen, karışık ve düzensiz
As a politician, he was a master in the art of making speeches that were both turgid and turbid at the same time.
unconscionable – — unconscious
vicdansız, insafsız – — baygın, bilinç dışı
It was certainly a most despicable and utterly unconscionable act that, following the accident, the elderly couple should be robbed while they lay unconscious by the side of the road.
ultimate – — penultimate
ultimate = en sonuncu, nihaî
penultimate = sondan bir önceki
The penultimate and ultimate peaks on this diagram correspond to the two most critical periods during the process.
The ultimate truth becomes a shocking revelation if no one has ever had a premonition of it penultimately.
A quest to learn more about Nature may be expected to lead us penultimately to Biology and ultimately to Physics. (Y. İzbul)
venal – — venial
/Vİ:-nl/ – — /Vİ:-niıl/
venal = yolsuzluğa, rüşvete ilişkin; bunlara bulaşmış ve alışık
venial = affedilebilir, küçük kabahat cinsinden
Avenial sin is one that is minor and pardonable; but any venal practice, to my mind, must be claasified as a mortal sin.
versus / vs. – — verses
“karşı” (Latince’den) – — şiir mısraları
As many people had predicted, it was a Germany versus Spain final in the European Cup in 2008.
vicious circle – — viscious circle ?!
vicious circle /Vİ-şıs-SÖ:-kl/ = kısır döngü
“Vicious circle,” yani “kısır döngü” kavramı, kimilerinin uygun görmemesine karşın, anlam genişlemesiyle “a vicious cycle” deyimine de dönüştürülebilir. “Viscious” ise tamamen yanlış bir yazımdır. Öten yandan, Eğer “viscous cycle” gibi bir deyiş ağzınızdan kaçarsa, bu olsa olsa motorsikletinizde yağ değiştirme zamanı geldiği anlamını iletecektir.
waist – — waste
sesdeşlik /WEİST/
waist = vücudun bel bölgesi
waste = israf, atık madde
All medical advice was wasted on him; he went on overeating and became just larger and larger around the waist. He must have seen his belly in terms of a waste basket, I daresay.
whether – — weather
/WHE-dzı/ – — /WE-dzı/
Whether the game will take place or not will all depend on the weather.
wonder – — wander
İlginç olan şudur: /@/ sesi birincide /a/ ya daha yakın; ikincide /o/ ya daha yakındır.
wonder = merak etmek, bilmek istemek
wander = (başıboş, amaçsız) dolaşmak
I kept wondering how long more we would keep wandering around the town like that.
alıntıdır>>http://www.ingilizce-ders.com/hata-yanlis/05-kelimeler-sozcukler.htm
aysegulgenc 